Glossary A brief description of some of the work we carry out: Crown Lifting Crown lifting involves the removal of all soft growth and branches which are below or which fall below a specified height, such as 2.4m over a public footpath to give adequate clearance for people holding umbrellas. Crown lifting may result in the canopy base being not at one single level but stepped to allow for different clearances, for example where a tree overhangs both a footpath and a road where different height clearances are required. Crown Thinning Crown thinning is the removal of a proportion of the small secondary live woody growth (in other words the framework branches are to be retained) in addition to weak, damaged, dead, crossing or duplicated branches and soft growth to reduce the leaf area of the canopy by the percentage, or to a particular intensity. The aim of crown thinning is to produce an even canopy of foliage on a well structured, balanced and sound framework of limbs and branches, typical for the species or variety of tree concerned. Crown thinning does not generally include the removal of inner lower branches from the central area of the crown, most pruning wounds shall be made in the outer quarter of the canopy. Crown Reduction Crown reduction is the reduction of the complete outline dimension of the canopy, from the tips of limbs and branches toward the main trunk, by pruning growth to an appropriately sized lateral branch, twig or bud to leave a flowing silhouette. In addition all soft growth from the tree's trunk shall be removed from those trees being subject to a crown reduction. Crown reduction shall be defined in absolute terms, for example the crown of a tree of approximately 18.0m in overall height (the crown of which begins some 2.0m above ground) and 5.5m in radius to be crown reduced to approximately 14.8m in height and 4.4m in radius.

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